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Six characteristics of distributed optical fiber sensors
Distributed optical fiber sensing technology was proposed in the late 1970s. It was developed with the advent of the widely used optical time domain reflection (OTDR) technology in fiber engineering. In the past ten years, a series of distributed optical fiber sensing mechanisms and measurement systems have been produced and gradually applied in many fields. At present, this technology has become one of the technologies in optical fiber sensing technology.
Distributed optical fiber sensor is a sensor that uses unique distributed optical fiber detection technology to measure or monitor the spatial distribution and time-varying information along the optical fiber transmission path. Using the characteristics of light wave transmission in optical fiber, continuous sensing along the length of the fiber can be measured (such as temperature, pressure, stress and strain, etc.). The optical fiber is both a sensing medium and a transmission medium to be measured. It arranges the sensing fiber along the field, and can obtain the spatial distribution of the measured field and the change information with time at the same time.
Distributed fiber optic sensors have the following characteristics:
1) The sensing element in the distributed optical fiber sensing system is only optical fiber;
2) One-time measurement can obtain the measured one-dimensional distribution map of the entire fiber area, and the fiber is erected into a grating to determine the measured two-dimensional and three-dimensional distribution;
3) The spatial resolution of the system is generally in the order of meters, so the average value of changes in a narrower range can only be observed;
4) The measurement accuracy of the system and the spatial resolution generally have a mutually restrictive relationship;
5) The detection signal is generally weak, so the signal processing system is required to have a high signal-to-noise ratio;
6) Due to the large amount of signal addition and averaging, frequency scanning and other processing required during the detection process, it takes a long time to achieve a complete measurement.
Because fiber optic cables are not susceptible to electromagnetic interference, distributed fiber optic temperature sensing systems are usually used for temperature monitoring and measurement of hot spots in power cables. The grasp and management of harsh environments and the demands of field operations are the main reasons for the steady growth of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system market. At the same time, the technical difficulties in the deployment of sensor cables are also the main obstacles facing the development of this market. With more and more applications, distributed optical fiber sensors are now mainly used in 6 major areas, including pipeline and offshore oil platform structure detection; liquid pipeline and dam leakage detection; road surface icing detection, railway monitoring; system Detection, power cable monitoring; optical fiber communication production monitoring; environmental monitoring and long-term temperature measurement.
Distributed optical fiber sensor is a sensor that uses unique distributed optical fiber detection technology to measure or monitor the spatial distribution and time-varying information along the optical fiber transmission path. Using the characteristics of light wave transmission in optical fiber, continuous sensing along the length of the fiber can be measured (such as temperature, pressure, stress and strain, etc.). The optical fiber is both a sensing medium and a transmission medium to be measured. It arranges the sensing fiber along the field, and can obtain the spatial distribution of the measured field and the change information with time at the same time.
Distributed fiber optic sensors have the following characteristics:
1) The sensing element in the distributed optical fiber sensing system is only optical fiber;
2) One-time measurement can obtain the measured one-dimensional distribution map of the entire fiber area, and the fiber is erected into a grating to determine the measured two-dimensional and three-dimensional distribution;
3) The spatial resolution of the system is generally in the order of meters, so the average value of changes in a narrower range can only be observed;
4) The measurement accuracy of the system and the spatial resolution generally have a mutually restrictive relationship;
5) The detection signal is generally weak, so the signal processing system is required to have a high signal-to-noise ratio;
6) Due to the large amount of signal addition and averaging, frequency scanning and other processing required during the detection process, it takes a long time to achieve a complete measurement.
Because fiber optic cables are not susceptible to electromagnetic interference, distributed fiber optic temperature sensing systems are usually used for temperature monitoring and measurement of hot spots in power cables. The grasp and management of harsh environments and the demands of field operations are the main reasons for the steady growth of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system market. At the same time, the technical difficulties in the deployment of sensor cables are also the main obstacles facing the development of this market. With more and more applications, distributed optical fiber sensors are now mainly used in 6 major areas, including pipeline and offshore oil platform structure detection; liquid pipeline and dam leakage detection; road surface icing detection, railway monitoring; system Detection, power cable monitoring; optical fiber communication production monitoring; environmental monitoring and long-term temperature measurement.
